Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion for Deep Space Missions Revisited
George H. Miley · Xiaoling Yang · Kirk Flippo
Abstract and summary · read the original at the source · none confirmed
In one page
Laser fusion has been proposed as a deep-space engine for decades, and George Miley, Xiaoling Yang and Kirk Flippo argue that the old proposals were built on the wrong version of it. Those studies assumed deuterium and tritium as fuel, which needs tritium bred on board and puts four fifths of its energy into neutrons — energy that cannot be aimed out of a nozzle — and they assumed compression schemes that returned only modest gain. Two things have changed. Chirped lasers now deliver ultra-short pulses at up to a few petawatts, which makes fast ignition possible: compress the capsule first, then light it with a separate short pulse so a burn wave spreads outward through the surrounding fuel. And in the variant these authors use, the igniting kick is not a laser at all but a block of plasma driven into the target, which keeps the electron temperature low. Low temperature is what lets you burn proton and boron-11, whose alpha particles a magnetic nozzle can steer into thrust.
Why it matters hereChapter 8 wants propulsion that is not a rocket burning propellant, and this is a fully specified route to it: no tritium, no neutron shielding to carry, and charged reaction products that a magnetic nozzle turns directly into thrust. Chapter 12 supplies the reason it matters on the ground as well — the same aneutronic reaction, ignited the same way, is the reaction the site’s energy case is built on.
What it claims
01The earlier inertial confinement fusion propulsion design studies rest on older target irradiation — either direct drive or indirect, x-ray driven drive — and that choice is what limits them, because it leads to rather low energy gains.Abstract, sentences 2 and 3
Designed, not yet built02Deuterium and tritium is the wrong fuel for a spacecraft. It requires tritium to be bred, and it delivers eighty per cent of the fusion energy as neutrons, which cannot be directed through an exhaust nozzle.Abstract, sentence 4
Settled physics03Chirped lasers changed the arithmetic. Ultra-short pulses at powers from terawatts up to a few petawatts made fast ignition possible: the petawatt beam strikes an already compressed target and creates a hot spot in its interior, and the burn propagates outward into the surrounding fuel. The gain rises because part of the input energy that would otherwise be required is replaced by that propagating burn.Abstract, sentences 5 to 7
Published and peer-reviewed04The igniter in this study is not a laser pulse at all. A non-laser interaction accelerates a block of plasma into the target to ignite the hot spot. The authors report that this is very efficient, gives very high gains, and — the decisive property — maintains a low electron temperature.Abstract, sentences 8 and 9
Designed, not yet built05A low electron temperature is what allows ignition of more demanding fuels, and the fuel chosen here is proton and boron-11. It releases its energy as energetic alpha particles, which can be guided very effectively through a magnetic nozzle to produce thrust, while avoiding any tritium involvement and any neutron-induced radioactivity.Abstract, sentences 9 and 10
Designed, not yet built06The paper’s own verdict on the comparison: these advances are shown to meet and exceed the requirements anticipated for an optimum inertial confinement fusion propulsion ship design — requirements the earlier design studies had identified but could not then satisfy.Abstract, final sentence
Designed, not yet built
Read it · abstract
Abstract
Laser-driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is extremely attractive for deep space propulsion and has been the subject of several conceptual design studies. However, these studies were based on older ICF technology using either “direct “or “in-direct x-ray driven” type target irradiation. This leads to rather low energy gains. Plus, traditional DT fusion was selected, requiring tritium breeding and delivering 80% of the fusion energy in neutrons that cannot be directed thorough an exhaust nozzle. However, important new directions have developed for laser ICF in recent years following the development of “chirped” lasers capable of ultra-short pulses with powers of TW up to a few PW. This has led to the exciting concept of “fast ignition (FI)” where the peta-watt laser beam strikes a pre-compressed target, creating a hot spot in the interior of the target burn that propagates outward into the surrounding fuel. This then gives a much higher energy gain, since part of the input energy required is replaced by the propagating burn. In the present study, we employ a new type of FI, termed ignition. In this approach, a non-laser interaction causes a plasma block to be accelerated into the target to ignite the hot spot. This is very efficient in giving very high gains while maintaining a low electron temperature, allowing ignition of more demanding fusion fuels like p- 11 B. The p- 11 B reaction is employed here and releases energy by energetic alphas particles that can be very effectively guided through a magnetic nozzle to produce thrust while avoiding tritium involvement or neutron induced radioactivity. These advances are considered here and are shown to meet and exceed the requirements anticipated (but not then available) for optimum ICF fusion propulsion ship design.
George H. Miley, Xiaoling Yang and Kirk Flippo. AIAA 2010-6576, 46th AIAA, ASME, SAE and ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Nashville, Tennessee, 2010.
(Abstract only — see the rights note above for which copies were compared, and for the deposit defects that are reproduced above exactly as deposited rather than silently repaired. On this site, the plasma-block ignition mechanism this paper turns to is developed in TW-ps laser driven blocks for light ion beam fusion in solid density DT, and the aneutronic fuel case in Road map to clean energy using laser beam ignition of boron-hydrogen fusion. Miley’s other propulsion work is at Propulsion and Power Generation Capabilities of a Dense Plasma Focus Fusion System for Future Military Aerospace Vehicles and DIRD Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion. Rival fusion-drive architectures are at Z-Pinch fusion-based nuclear propulsion, Interplanetary missions with the GDM propulsion system and Project Orion and Future Prospects for Nuclear Pulse Propulsion, with the criterion they all have to meet at Generalized Lawson criterion for magnetic fusion applications in space.)
The way in
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6576SOURCE NOT REACHED IN FULL. The paper is AIAA 2010-6576, given at the 46th AIAA, ASME, SAE and ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Nashville, Tennessee, 25 to 28 July 2010. Checked on 2026-09-08: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics sells its conference papers and this one is closed; OpenAlex records it closed with no repository copy; Crossref registers no licence; OpenAIRE did not answer; no green copy was found in any repository or web archive reached during this work. Nothing beyond the work’s own abstract is reproduced here. WHAT WAS READ. The abstract below, which the AIAA deposited with Crossref and which OpenAlex carries identically; the two copies were compared and match word for word. Every claim locator below points into that abstract or to the paper’s title and front matter, never into the body of the paper. DEFECTS IN THE DEPOSITED ABSTRACT, LEFT AS DEPOSITED. The deposit carries broken spacing around the proton–boron-11 symbol, which appears as ‘p- 11 B’; a mismatched pair of quotation marks around the words direct and in-direct; the misspelling ‘thorough’ where ‘through’ is meant; and an apparent dropped word in the sentence ‘we employ a new type of FI, termed ignition’, where the name of the variant has been lost. None of these has been silently repaired, and no word has been supplied that the deposit does not carry. AUTHORS. Crossref and OpenAlex both record three authors, George H. Miley, Xiaoling Yang and Kirk Flippo, and those three are what this page lists; Miley and Yang were at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Flippo at Los Alamos National Laboratory, affiliations that are not carried in the deposited record and are given here only as orientation. THE MECHANISM NAMED IN THE ABSTRACT — a non-laser interaction driving a plasma block into the target — is developed at length in work Miley co-authored with Heinrich Hora, which this library holds separately at /library/stm-093d59a7fc and /library/stm-b5a7103035.
How to cite it
George H. Miley, Xiaoling Yang, Kirk Flippo (2010) Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion for Deep Space Missions Revisited. doi:10.2514/6.2010-6576
Where it sits in the curriculum
Inertial mass reduction, the Navy patents and transmedium craftLattice confinement fusionPlasmoids, charge clusters and the orbs