The learning map
What you will learn, and where.
Seventeen units in six parts. Each names what you will be able to do, then the shortest route: watch, read, go deep, study. Start anywhere.
Part I
How to know
The maturity scale, and the government's own reading list.
- 01
The evidence ladder
How to read a bold physics claim without swallowing it or waving it away.
You will learn to
- Place any claim on a five-rung maturity scale, from well-posed idea to textbook fact.
- Update your confidence the way Bayes' rule says, and tell independent evidence from repetition.
- Name the next experiment that would move a claim up or down the ladder.
- Study
- Measurement, uncertainty, and evidence · Mechanics and conservation laws · Experimental methods and error analysis · Open replication laboratory
- For ages 8–12
- How Scientists Decide What Is True
- Try
- The reversal test · Settle the inertia correlation function · Angular acceleration, not rotation rate · Make ball lightning and instrument it · The EVO crater — two accounts, one micrograph · The calorimetry and neutron scorecard · Isotopic forensics · If Planck's constant measures the field's density, then find the test that separates it from the fine-structure constant
- 02
The reference documents and the institutional record
Thirty-eight technical documents a defence agency commissioned, and how to read an official record as a document rather than as a verdict.
You will learn to
- Say what the thirty-eight reference documents are, who commissioned them and who administered them, and read one as a technical document with a stated scope.
- Separate what an official record establishes, that a question was funded and studied, from what it does not, and name which of the thirty-eight carry original results.
- Trace a single claim from a reference document through to the peer-reviewed paper it rests on, and place both on the maturity scale.
Part II
The medium
What the vacuum is, how it is measured, and how it is engineered.
- 03
What the vacuum is
Empty space is the lowest setting of every field, and the lowest setting is not zero.
You will learn to
- Explain why the quantum vacuum carries energy, and how the Casimir force measures it.
- Say what zero-point energy means, and what the measurements do and do not settle.
- Follow the vacuum from the old aether to a medium physicists now shape in the laboratory.
- Study
- Waves, resonance, and spectra · Why empty space is not simple · Quantum mechanics: states, amplitudes, and measurement · Quantum mechanics I–II · Quantum field theory · Quantum fields in curved spacetime
- For ages 8–12
- Empty Space Is Not Empty
- Try
- Quantum friction — the vacuum as a shear medium · Settle the inertia correlation function · Weigh the vacuum · Vacuum field sampling as a student instrument · Quantum atmospherics · If Planck's constant measures the field's density, then find the test that separates it from the fine-structure constant
- 04
Casimir physics and vacuum-force engineering
The force between two plates is measured to better than a percent, and it already moves parts on a chip.
You will learn to
- Derive and then measure the Casimir force, and say what the two independent 1997 and 1998 measurements settle and what they leave open.
- Predict how real materials, roughness, temperature and geometry change the force, and use the worldline and scattering methods practitioners use.
- Design a device that uses the force, an actuator, a self-assembling structure or a torque element, and state its complete force budget.
- Try
- The geometry-tuned Casimir cell · The switchable vacuum rotor · The real moving boundary versus the electrical one · The dark cavity as a materials engine · The Moddel cell and the thermodynamic ledger · Quantum friction — the vacuum as a shear medium · The Casimir force at nuclear separations · The pillar cavity that already looks like a warp metric · Weigh the vacuum · Quantum atmospherics · If a cavity changes electron-phonon coupling, then it changes the screening energy · If Planck's constant measures the field's density, then find the test that separates it from the fine-structure constant · If a plasmoid is vacuum-coupled, then its lifetime tracks the boundary around it · If the zero-point field carved the voids, then the void edges carry its fingerprint
- 06
The vacuum at cosmic scale
Dark energy and zero-point energy enter Einstein's equations in the same place, and the gap between them is the research programme.
You will learn to
- State the three densities and the size of the gap between them, and say why the gap is the programme rather than an embarrassment.
- Follow the dark-energy identification through the physical argument rather than the semantic one, and place it on the maturity scale.
- Name the measurement that would move it: what DESI's next release would have to show, and what a test separating Planck's constant from the fine-structure constant would look like.
- 07
The vacuum as a quantum fluid
Volovik's programme: particles and gravity as ripples on a cosmic condensate.
You will learn to
- Show how curved-spacetime physics genuinely emerges inside superfluids and condensates.
- Say what analogue Hawking radiation in a laboratory does and does not demonstrate.
- Name the Lorentz-symmetry tests that decide whether our own vacuum is such a fluid.
Part III
Energy from the vacuum
Devices that break the vacuum's symmetry, and the machines that burn what they make.
- 05
Energy from the vacuum
Real photons out of nothing was measured in 2011. Standalone power is the milestone three funded labs are building toward.
You will learn to
- Explain the dynamical Casimir effect and quantum energy teleportation, and why both obey thermodynamics.
- Describe how a Casimir-cavity device is built and what its complete energy ledger must show.
- Name the three funded programmes and the milestone all of them are aiming at.
- Study
- Thermodynamics and statistical reasoning · Statistical mechanics · Quantum-energy technology seminar
- For ages 8–12
- Can You Get Energy From Nothing?
- Try
- The quantum-energy-teleportation cell · The geometry-tuned Casimir cell · The real moving boundary versus the electrical one · The Moddel cell and the thermodynamic ledger · The EVO crater — two accounts, one micrograph · If entanglement is the vacuum's fuel line, then the cell array has a scaling law · If a plasmoid is vacuum-coupled, then its lifetime tracks the boundary around it
- 08
Fusion machines: pinches, focus devices and inertial drivers
Fusion is the first door, and this is the door: every machine that has ever made fusion, and what each one measured.
You will learn to
- Tell the confinement families apart by their physics, and say for each one what it confines, for how long, and what its published record is.
- Read a fusion diagnostic, neutron yield, ion energy or imaging, and say what it establishes and what it does not.
- Design the direct-conversion stage of an aneutronic machine, and state the energy ledger from wall plug to delivered current.
- Try
- The benchtop fusion machines · Aneutronic fuel and the compact machines that suit it · The sheared-flow Z pinch and the repetition problem · Build a Nachamkin plasmoid on purpose · The plasmoid lifetime ladder · The calorimetry and neutron scorecard · If a plasmoid is vacuum-coupled, then its lifetime tracks the boundary around it
- 09
Lattice confinement fusion
NASA Glenn's peer-reviewed fusion in deuterated metals, and the milestones ahead.
You will learn to
- Explain how electron screening and the Oppenheimer–Phillips process let fusion run inside a metal.
- Say what NASA's two Physical Review C papers measured, and how it differs from the 1989 claims.
- Describe the net-energy milestone and how a calorimeter proves it.
- Study
- Atoms, nuclei, and radiation · Nuclear reactions, fission, and fusion · Advanced nuclear and lattice-assisted reactions
- For ages 8–12
- Fusion Inside a Block of Metal
- Try
- The Casimir force at nuclear separations · The lattice ladder · The Lattice Energy Converter — the garage rung · Fusion by field conditioning rather than by heat · The calorimetry and neutron scorecard · Isotopic forensics · If a cavity changes electron-phonon coupling, then it changes the screening energy
Part IV
Mass, inertia and gravity
If the vacuum makes inertia, the vacuum can change it.
- 10
Inertia and gravity from the vacuum
What if mass, inertia and gravity are things the vacuum does to matter?
You will learn to
- Reconstruct Sakharov's induced gravity and the Haisch–Rueda–Puthoff inertia proposal as published.
- Use the polarizable-vacuum picture of gravity as a changing refractive index.
- Separate what is measured from what is a live hypothesis, and name the deciding experiment.
- 11
Gravity control and superconductors
Frame-dragging is measured. The programmes ask whether coherent matter can make it big enough to use.
You will learn to
- State how large gravitomagnetism is, as Gravity Probe B measured it.
- Compare the Ning Li, Podkletnov, Tajmar and Alzofon programmes and what each measurement found.
- Name the variable the next run has to control.
- Go deep
- The Josephson Junction
- For ages 8–12
- Why Doesn't the Book Fall?
- Try
- The dark cavity as a materials engine · Fusion by field conditioning rather than by heat · The superconducting gravity bench — an emitter and a mirror · The reversal test · Angular acceleration, not rotation rate · The megahertz-to-gigahertz gravitational-wave receiver · If a cavity changes electron-phonon coupling, then it changes the screening energy · If a plasmoid is vacuum-coupled, then its lifetime tracks the boundary around it
- 12
Inertial mass reduction, the Navy patents and transmedium craft
If inertia is the vacuum's reaction to acceleration, could you lighten a craft, and what do the patents and the sensors actually show?
You will learn to
- Read the inertial-mass-reduction and gravitational-wave-generator patents and the operability attestation as documents, and say what each can and cannot show.
- Trace the conditional chain from a vacuum origin of inertia to a lighter craft, and use the Schwinger limit to size the gap between the first test and the patent's own drive conditions.
- Follow the bench thruster to its dated orbital flight, and say what each possible result would mean.
- For ages 8–12
- Could a Ship Become Lighter? · The Navy's Very Strange Patents
Part V
Engineering the metric
You do not move the ship. You engineer the distance.
- 13
The metric, warp drives and wormholes
The exact idea behind engineering space, and the exact gap between the maths and a machine.
You will learn to
- Read a metric as the rulebook for every ruler and clock.
- Follow the Alcubierre warp bubble and the Morris–Thorne wormhole through Einstein's equations.
- State why negative energy is the price, how much has been measured, and which bench tests are running now.
- Watch
- Lecture 1 · What is a metric? · Lecture 2 · Special relativity and four-vectors · Lecture 3 · General relativity · Lecture 4 · The Alcubierre warp metric
- Study
- Space, time, motion, and reference frames · Special relativity without shortcuts · Calculus, vectors, and differential equations · Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics · Tensor calculus and differential geometry · General relativity · Metric-engineering research studio
- For ages 8–12
- Bending Space and Riding a Wrinkle
- Try
- The geometry-tuned Casimir cell · Warp Factory on a laptop · The pillar cavity that already looks like a warp metric · Look for somebody else's warp drive · Condition the field, not the power · If Planck's constant measures the field's density, then find the test that separates it from the fine-structure constant
- 14
Wormholes, energy conditions and the negative-energy budget
Every metric-engineering proposal meets the same bill. This is the unit that reads it, line by line.
You will learn to
- Write down the energy conditions and say which geometry each one forbids, and why.
- Apply a quantum inequality to a proposed geometry and get a number for how much negative energy is allowed, over what sampling time, in whose frame.
- State the negative-energy accounting correctly, below the ambient vacuum level rather than below nothing, and name the laboratory experiments that generate it.
- 15
Scalar waves and the field behind the fields
Whittaker's real mathematics, the Aharonov–Bohm effect, and the longitudinal fields Maxwell already permits.
You will learn to
- Explain why the vector potential is physical: electrons respond to it where the fields are zero.
- Say where longitudinal fields genuinely exist, and what free-space scalar-wave energy would require.
- Describe the bench test that would settle the scalar-wave energy proposal.
- Go deep
- The Vector Potential
- For ages 8–12
- The Field Hiding Behind the Fields
Part VI
The craft and the ledger
The worked example, and every claim on one map with its next test.
- 16
Plasmoids, charge clusters and the orbs
Self-organising plasma is real, thriving physics. The orb footage is the worked example, with its tests named in advance.
You will learn to
- Explain how plasmoids and ball lightning organise themselves, and what their spectra reveal.
- Describe Ken Shoulders' exotic vacuum objects and the modern mechanism proposed for them.
- Test a piece of footage: provenance, optics, and the checks that decide.
- For ages 8–12
- Glowing Balls That Hold Themselves Together
- Try
- The benchtop fusion machines · Aneutronic fuel and the compact machines that suit it · Build a Nachamkin plasmoid on purpose · The plasmoid lifetime ladder · Make ball lightning and instrument it · The EVO crater — two accounts, one micrograph · If a plasmoid is vacuum-coupled, then its lifetime tracks the boundary around it
- 17
The unified picture
The convergence thesis: where every claim stands, and the next test for each one.
You will learn to
- Draw the energy, medium and actuator stack a metric-engineering craft would need.
- Place each pillar on the maturity scale and see how the uncertainties compound.
- Name the single most decisive experiment for each row, and where its result will appear.
- For ages 8–12
- Putting the Whole Puzzle Together
Prefer to climb by level?
The same physics is also laid out as 36 courses in 6 levels, from first principles to research preparation.
The six-level course path →